AL SB420

Requires a pretrial hearing before trial in cases where a defendant claims self-defense, with the defendant bearing the burden to prove by preponderance of the evidence that force used was justified.

If the defendant proves the force was justified at the pretrial hearing, the court must enter an order granting immunity from criminal prosecution and dismissing the criminal charges.

If the defendant fails to prove immunity at the pretrial hearing, they may continue to raise self-defense as a defense at trial, with the state retaining its burden to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

Law enforcement agencies may investigate use of force under standard procedures but may not arrest a person unless they determine probable cause exists that the force used was unlawful.

The act becomes effective on the first day of the third month following passage and approval by the Governor.