AL SB399

Licensed firearms importers, manufacturers, and dealers must perform a background check through the national instant criminal background check system before transferring a firearm to an unlicensed person, or verify the transferee's identity with a valid photo ID.

Exempts firearm transfers when the transferee presents a permit issued within the past five years by the state that allows firearm possession and was contingent upon a background check.

Prohibits unlicensed persons from directly transferring firearms to other unlicensed persons; all transfers must go through a licensed dealer first for background check compliance.

Establishes criminal penalties: Class A misdemeanor for licensed dealers who knowingly fail to conduct background checks when the system was operating, and Class C misdemeanor for unlicensed persons making direct transfers.

Provides exceptions for law enforcement, family transfers between relatives (with certain conditions), estate transfers, temporary emergency transfers to prevent harm, and transfers at shooting ranges or for hunting/fishing activities.