HI SB3183

Establishes a county mileage-based road usage charge for electric vehicles beginning July 1, 2025, calculated based on odometer readings from vehicle safety inspections.

Permits electric vehicle owners to choose between paying a county mileage-based road usage charge or a $50 annual registration surcharge until June 30, 2028, after which all electric vehicles must pay the mileage-based charge.

Allows each county to establish its own per-mile rate for the county mileage-based road usage charge by ordinance, comparable to but not exceeding the county fuel tax rate, with a zero option available.

Directs county mileage-based road usage charge revenues to be deposited in each county's highway fund for road and infrastructure maintenance, with specific provisions for Maui County ensuring revenues from Lanai and Molokai are used only on those islands.

Clarifies that state mileage-based road usage charge (0.8 cents per mile) and county charges are separate from other fuel taxes, and caps the state charge at $50 per year until June 30, 2028.