IL HB5374

Requires the Illinois EPA to evaluate air pollution construction permit applications in designated "areas of environmental justice concern" starting January 1, 2026, for new sources or existing sources seeking emission increases that require CAAPP or Federally Enforceable State Operating Permits.

Defines "areas of environmental justice concern" as census block groups (plus areas within one mile) ranking in the top 25% statewide based on a formula combining 13 environmental indicators (air quality, hazardous facilities, water violations) and 6 socioeconomic indicators (poverty, unemployment, limited English proficiency, education, age).

Mandates the EPA notify elected officials and community groups about permit applications in EJ areas, evaluate whether emissions can be reduced, and determine if additional air quality modeling is needed to protect National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Authorizes permit enhancements including improved air monitoring systems, fugitive dust plans, increased emissions testing, odor control plans, and conditions based on an applicant's past compliance history.

Allows the EPA to deny permits if the applicant or board members have a history of repeated environmental violations, convictions for submitting false environmental information, or demonstrated gross carelessness in operating pollution sources.