MD HB1044

Requires certain local governments ("covered jurisdictions") to obtain preclearance from the Attorney General or Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County before enacting election-related policies, including changes to election methods, redistricting, polling place locations, and voter registration procedures.

Local governments become covered jurisdictions if they have prior voting rights violations within 25 years, or if a protected class comprising at least 6,000 citizens or 15% of voting-age population shows voter registration or turnout gaps of 10+ percentage points, or has traffic stop/arrest rates more than double the general population.

Attorney General must determine and publish a list of covered jurisdictions by January 1, 2026, and update it annually; preclearance decisions must be made within 30-60 days, with possible extensions up to 90 days for major policy changes.

Prohibits voter intimidation, deception, or obstruction, including use of force or threats, fraudulent communications, or interference with access to polling places and drop boxes; violators are liable for nominal, compensatory, or punitive damages.

Aggrieved persons, advocacy organizations, or the Attorney General may file suit to enjoin policies enacted without preclearance or to challenge violations; the act takes effect January 1, 2026.