MD HB1256

Fully autonomous vehicles (SAE Level 4 or 5) may operate on Maryland highways without a human driver if they can achieve a minimal risk condition upon system failure, comply with state vehicle laws, and bear federal safety certification labels.

Operators must submit a law enforcement interaction plan to the Administration before deployment, detailing how to contact fleet support, safely remove/tow the vehicle, and identify when the vehicle is in autonomous mode.

Vehicle owners must submit proof of required security (insurance) to the Administration before operating without a human driver.

When the automated driving system is engaged, it is legally considered the vehicle operator, satisfies all driver requirements electronically, and is deemed licensed to operate the vehicle.

State agencies and local governments are prohibited from banning fully autonomous vehicles on highways under their jurisdiction; effective date is October 1, 2025.