OH HB317

Requires all firearm transfers between unlicensed individuals to go through a federally licensed firearms dealer, law enforcement agency, or specified exceptions.

Mandates background checks on firearm recipients through federal instant criminal background check system (18 U.S.C. 922(t)) and state incompetency records checks maintained by the attorney general.

Creates exceptions for temporary transfers during emergency self-defense situations, at shooting ranges, hunting/fishing activities, law enforcement transfers, and transfers to museums or historical societies meeting specific conditions.

Establishes penalties of misdemeanor fourth degree for first violation (up to $250 fine), misdemeanor second degree for second violation (up to $750 fine), and misdemeanor first degree for three or more violations (up to $1,000 fine plus additional sanctions).

Allows federally licensed firearms dealers and law enforcement agencies to charge up to $10 per firearm transfer to offset processing costs.