US HB7599

Authorizes federal courts to issue extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) prohibiting individuals from purchasing, possessing, or receiving firearms and ammunition when they pose a risk of personal injury to themselves or others

Establishes two types of orders: ex parte orders (up to 14 days, based on probable cause of imminent danger) and long-term orders (up to 180 days, requiring clear and convincing evidence at a hearing with due process protections including right to counsel)

Permits family/household members and law enforcement officers to petition for ERPOs, with mandatory firearm surrender to U.S. Marshals or designated law enforcement within 48 hours of service

Creates a grant program for states and tribes that enact similar ERPO legislation, with 25-70% of funds allocated to law enforcement training on bias, de-escalation, domestic violence protocols, and crisis intervention

Adds individuals subject to federal or state ERPOs to the prohibited persons list under 18 U.S.C. § 922, requiring background check database updates within 5 days, and imposes penalties up to $5,000 fine and 5 years imprisonment for filing false or frivolous petitions