US HB7836

Establishes an independent United States Immigration Courts system under Article I of the Constitution, separate from the executive branch, consisting of an appellate division (21 judges appointed by the President with Senate confirmation for 15-year terms) and a trial division

Immigration appeals judges receive salaries equal to federal district court judges; trial judges receive 92% of that salary, with both positions requiring 10+ years of bar membership and prohibiting outside legal practice

Transfers all functions, personnel, pending cases, and assets from the Executive Office for Immigration Review (Department of Justice) to the new Immigration Courts, with existing immigration judges becoming interim trial judges during a 4-year transition period

Grants immigration judges authority to issue subpoenas, hold parties in civil contempt, compel agency action on unreasonably delayed applications, and make binding precedential decisions that executive branch agencies must follow

Requires Judicial Conference review every 4 years and annual reports to Congress on court workload, case outcomes by judge and location, representation rates, and average wait times