US SB2231

Establishes a permanent Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTQI Peoples within the State Department and creates an interagency group to coordinate U.S. responses to threats against LGBTQI populations in foreign countries

Authorizes sanctions (visa bans, asset freezes) against foreign persons responsible for torture, detention, disappearances, or other human rights violations against individuals based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or sex characteristics

Creates a Global Equality Fund and LGBTQI Global Development Partnership to provide grants and technical assistance to civil society organizations working to protect LGBTQI rights internationally, and prohibits U.S. foreign assistance recipients from discriminating based on sexual orientation or gender identity

Reforms U.S. immigration law to explicitly recognize persecution based on sexual orientation or gender identity as grounds for asylum, eliminates the one-year asylum filing deadline, includes "permanent partners" in immigration definitions, and limits detention of LGBTQI individuals

Requires annual State Department human rights reports to document criminalization, discrimination, and violence against LGBTQI people worldwide, and mandates that U.S. passports allow self-selected sex markers including a non-binary "X" designation