US SB3269

Directs the Comptroller General (GAO) to conduct a technology assessment of liquid cooling systems for AI compute clusters and high-performance computing data centers within 30 days of enactment

Requires evaluation of direct-to-chip liquid cooling and immersion cooling technologies, including comparison of single-phase and 2-phase systems across thermal performance, maintainability, safety, and lifecycle costs

Establishes an advisory committee of liquid cooling industry experts, hardware manufacturers, and data center operators to consult on the review

GAO must submit findings to Congress and the Secretary of Energy within 90 days; DOE must then provide its own assessment and recommendations within 180 days

Addresses data center energy concerns, noting facilities consumed 4.4% of U.S. electricity in 2023 (up from 1.9% in 2018) and could reach 6.7-12.8% by 2028 due to AI growth