US SB3741

Secretary of Commerce must establish regulations within 1 year requiring nucleic acid synthesis providers and benchtop synthesizer manufacturers to screen all orders against a maintained list of sequences of concern and verify customer identity and legitimacy

Creates a conformity assessment system with auditing, adversarial "red-teaming" testing, and the ability to revoke compliance status for providers who fail requirements, with civil penalties up to $500,000 for individuals and $750,000 for other entities

Requires federal fund recipients to purchase nucleic acid synthesis products only from compliant providers, and establishes expedited review processes for accredited institutions and exemptions for clearly non-hazardous sequences

NIST must establish a biotechnology governance sandbox within 1 year for secure testing of biosecurity innovations and development of technical standards, with annual reporting on promising governance strategies

Director of OSTP must assess current federal biosecurity/biosafety oversight within 90 days, identify gaps and redundancies across agencies, and develop an implementation plan to consolidate and streamline authorities with recommendations to Congress