US SB545

Adds xylazine (including its salts and isomers) to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act, subjecting it to federal drug regulations and penalties

Restricts xylazine dispensing to registered veterinarians or pharmacies with veterinary prescriptions, limiting lawful possession to animal care, government animal-control programs, and authorized wildlife programs

Exempts existing xylazine manufacturers from capital expenditure requirements for Schedule III security standards and delays labeling/packaging requirements by 1 year and practitioner registration requirements by 60 days

Directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and potentially amend sentencing guidelines for xylazine offenses, considering its use alongside other controlled substances

Requires the DEA and FDA to submit reports to Congress on illicit xylazine use within 18 months and a follow-up report on trafficking and misuse within 4 years